When you're thinking about bringing a dog into your life, one of the first decisions you'll face is whether to go with a small dog or a large one. Both come with their own charm and challenges, and each size has unique needs when it comes to care. From feeding and exercise to health and grooming, understanding the differences between small and large dogs can help you give your pet the happiest, healthiest life possible.
Let’s take a closer look at how caring for small dogs differs from caring for large ones, and what that means for you as a dog owner.
1. Feeding: How Size Impacts Mealtime
Small Dogs
Dogs under 20 pounds tend to have fast metabolisms, so even though they eat less overall, they need more calories per pound than larger breeds. Because of their small stomachs, it's best to feed them smaller meals more frequently throughout the day. Many dog food brands offer formulas designed specifically for small breeds that pack in the right nutrients without overwhelming their little digestive systems.
Large Dogs
Dogs over 50 pounds require more food to fuel their bigger bodies, but the type of food matters just as much as the amount. Large breeds benefit from food that supports bone and joint health, often with added glucosamine and chondroitin. These dogs usually do better with two larger meals a day rather than constant small ones, which also helps prevent issues like bloating, especially in deep-chested breeds.
The Bottom Line: Small dogs eat smaller portions more often, while large dogs need more food overall but usually less frequently.
2. Exercise: How Much Activity Do They Need?
Small Dogs
While they don’t need as much space to move around, small dogs still require regular exercise. Depending on the breed, that could mean short walks, indoor playtime, or fun games like fetch. Some breeds, like Jack Russell Terriers, are full of energy and need more structured activity. But since smaller dogs are more prone to injuries like sprains, it's important not to overdo it.
Large Dogs
Bigger dogs often have higher energy levels and need longer or more vigorous exercise. Breeds like Labs, German Shepherds, and Golden Retrievers enjoy running, swimming, or long walks. However, too much activity at a young age can put stress on their joints, so exercise needs to be balanced and consistent.
The Bottom Line: Large dogs typically need more exercise and space, while small dogs can get their energy out in smaller areas and with shorter routines.
3. Grooming: Size Makes a Difference
Small Dogs
Smaller dogs are usually easier to groom because there’s simply less fur to manage. Still, grooming needs can vary widely by breed. A Maltese or Pomeranian will need more frequent brushing and trips to the groomer, while a short-haired dog like a Chihuahua might only need the occasional bath. Small breeds are also more prone to dental problems, so regular tooth brushing is important.
Large Dogs
Grooming a large dog can be a full workout. Long-haired or thick-coated breeds like Saint Bernards or Newfoundlands need regular brushing to avoid mats and shedding. Bath time takes longer and can be a bit of a project. Plus, just like with small dogs, dental care matters—though you might need a bit more patience (and a bigger toothbrush).
The Bottom Line: Grooming small dogs can be quicker, but both sizes have their own maintenance needs based on coat type and health.
4. Health Issues: What to Watch Out For
Small Dogs
Smaller dogs often live longer but are more likely to face certain health issues. Dental disease is common, and some breeds, like Dachshunds, are prone to back problems. Their small size also means they can get hurt more easily, especially around larger pets or young kids.
Large Dogs
Large breeds are more prone to joint problems, like hip or elbow dysplasia, and their shorter lifespan means health issues can appear earlier. Obesity is a concern too, since extra weight puts more pressure on their joints and organs. Regular vet visits and a balanced diet are essential for managing these risks.
The Bottom Line: Smaller dogs may face more dental and spine-related problems, while large dogs are more likely to deal with joint and weight issues.
5. Training and Socialization: Adapting Your Approach
Small Dogs
It might seem like training a small dog is easier because they’re less intimidating, but many small breeds have bold personalities and can be stubborn. Consistent training is key, along with early socialization to prevent nervous or reactive behavior.
Large Dogs
Training is even more important for large breeds simply because of their size. A poorly trained large dog can accidentally knock people over or become hard to control. Start training early, use positive reinforcement, and make sure they’re comfortable with other animals and people.
The Bottom Line: Small dogs might test your patience with their sass, but large dogs need firm and consistent training to manage their strength.
6. Living Space: What’s Right for Your Dog?
Small Dogs
Small breeds are great for apartments or smaller homes. They don’t need as much space and can burn off energy with indoor play. Just make sure your home is safe—stairs, high furniture, or even busy foot traffic can pose risks for tiny pups.
Large Dogs
Larger dogs do best in homes with more room, especially if there’s a yard where they can stretch their legs. They can live in apartments, but you’ll need to commit to daily walks and play sessions to keep them happy.
The Bottom Line: Small dogs fit better in tight spaces, while large dogs need more room and outdoor time to stay content.
Final Thoughts
Whether you're caring for a pint-sized pup or a gentle giant, understanding the differences in their needs helps you be a better pet parent. Small dogs might be easier to carry and house in small spaces, but they still need proper grooming, training, and care. Large dogs may take up more room and require more physical activity, but they can be just as loving and loyal.
The key is to match your lifestyle with your dog’s size and needs. When you know what to expect, you can build a happy, healthy life together—no matter how big or small your furry friend may be.